Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a fundamental problem-solving methodology used across industries to identify the underlying causes of issues, defects, or failures. Among the various RCA techniques, two of the most commonly used are the Fishbone Diagram and the 5 Whys. Both methods aim to systematically trace the root cause of a problem, but they differ in structure, application, and depth of analysis. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of these techniques, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and best use cases.